1. A Long Growing Season

A long growing season, defined as the period from bud break to harvest, is essential for achieving full physiological ripening of the fruit, skins, and seeds.
2. Diurnal Shifts

The final phase of ripening must be accompanied by diurnal shifts, which are the swings in temperature from warm days to cool nights. Diurnal shifts create aromatic complexity and color.
3. The Absence of Shock Weather Events

Frost and hail can severely and irreparably damage the crop. Similarly, periods of uninterrupted elevated heat can block maturation.
4. Stable Weather During the Last Month

The last month of the growing season makes the quality of the vintage. Stable weather without prolonged rain episodes or other events is essential for harvesting a healthy crop.
5. A Late Harvest

Harvest must take place in October (possibly late September in some areas), with the final phase of ripening occurring during the shorter days of late September and October, as opposed to the longer, hotter days of August.
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